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The Mathematics Search Engine
Mathematics News & Resources
4Mathematics is a specialist search engine for Mathematics. Discover the latest math news and mathematical content. Part of the 4SEARCH network of topic specific search engines.
Latest Articles
One-Hot Encoding, Bag of Words > (BoW), TF-IDF, Unigram, Bigram, Trigram and N-Gram
32+ min ago (770+ words) This note follows the concepts and terminology presented in the supplied lecture material and adds practical Python implementations so that the ideas can be tested directly. Machine Learning models work with numerical features. Human language, however, is naturally represented as…...
Why we don't do prompt tracking.
29+ min ago (741+ words) Instead of infinite prompt variations, this measurement framework tracks canonical core entities across AI models to score brand visibility over time. TL;DR: We don't do prompt tracking because prompts are infinite variants of canonical core intent entities and we…...
Is the most expensive AI the smartest? 23 LLMs, capability vs API price (Oct 2026)
40+ min ago (452+ words) Is the most expensive AI model the smartest one? I put 23 models' capability scores next to their API prices to check. Short answer: no. The top model costs about half of what the runner-up costs, and a model at 5% of…...
"Our auditor wants proof of S3 compliance, what do we give them?" Automating HIPAA S3 evidence for your auditor
48+ min ago (129+ words) ✓ Human-authored analysis; AI used for formatting and proofreading. The thread on r/aws: "Our auditor wants proof of S3 HIPAA compliance. We have AWS Config and SecurityHub, but they want something more structured. What do we give them?" The usual answers…...
Miquel’s pentagon theorem
50+ min ago (112+ words) An earlier post presented an elegant plane geometry theorem discovered by the 19th century school teacher Auguste Miquel. This post presents his pentagon theorem. Start with a pentagon. It may be irregular, but it needs to be convex. Extend each of…...
Modal logic and topology
1+ hour ago (422+ words) You can’t say much about modal logic in general. You have to be more specific to get anywhere. You have to choose some axioms. Ideally the axioms you need for your application correspond to a named set of axioms that…...
Topological models of modal logic
58+ min ago (475+ words) The previous post discussed a superficial connection between modal logic and topology, that both give use the terms regular and normal to indicate added sets of axioms. McKinsey and Tarski developed a deeper connection between modal logic and topology that…...
Scientists find ‘ghost’ of superconductivity that survives even after the state vanishes
57+ min ago (732+ words) New measurements of uranium ditelluride expose an elusive arrangement of Cooper pairs predicted nearly two decades ago. Superconductivity is supposed to be an all-or-nothing quantum state. Cool a material below a critical temperature, and electrons pair up and enter a…...
Aleph Alpha unveils German-language AI model for public infrastructure
2+ hour, 21+ min ago (222+ words) German AI company Aleph Alpha has released a new language model called Kolibri for use in public administration and industry, designed to run on infrastructure that customers control themselves, the Heidelberg-based firm said at the weekend. With the move, Aleph…...
Constellations of Information
54+ min ago (183+ words) The Rhyl Poster by Tom McCarthy. New York Review Books, 2026. 240 pages.Buy on Bookshop.org But excess, of course, is not just a function of maximal length. Influenced by Norbert Wiener’s cybernetics, Pynchon has a character in Gravity’s Rainbow suggest…...